Initial development of the Hookah Smoker Scale: Assessing young adults’ mental schemas about hookah “smokers”
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Benzene uptake in Hookah smokers and non-smokers attending Hookah social events: regulatory implications.
BACKGROUND Benzene is a human hematotoxicant and a leukemogen that causes lymphohematopoietic cancers, especially acute myelogenous leukemia. We investigated uptake of benzene in hookah smokers and non-smokers attending hookah social events in naturalistic settings where hookah tobacco was smoked exclusively. METHODS We quantified S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), a metabolite of benzene, in t...
متن کاملHookah smoking and cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in exclusive/ever hookah smokers
BACKGROUND We have recently published some work on CEA levels in hookah (also called narghile, shisha elsewhere) and cigarette smokers. Hookah smokers had higher levels of CEA than non-smokers although mean levels were low compared to cigarette smokers. However some of them were also users of other tobacco products (cigarettes, bidis, etc.). OBJECTIVES To find serum CEA levels in ever/exclusi...
متن کاملComparison of Cotinine Salivary Levels in Hookah Smokers, Passive Smokers, and Non-Smokers
Background: At present smoking is considered a great health-related problem. Smoking cigarettes and use of tobacco are on the rise in the Middle East countries; therefore, the number of people exposed to passive cigarette smoke is increasing, too. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare salivary cotinine levels in hookah smokers, individuals exposed to passive cigarette smoke ...
متن کاملSocial norms of cigarette and hookah smokers in Iranian universities
BACKGROUND First experiences of tobacco use usually occur in adolescence. The recognition of social norms leading to youth smoking is hence necessary. We tried to assess the social norms among Iranian young cigarette and hookah smokers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 451 girls and 361 boys aging 20-25 years old who entered Isfahan and Kashan Universities (Iran) in 2007. D...
متن کاملIs Medical Concern about Hookah Environmental Tobacco Smoke Hazards Warranted ?
This paper reviews the present knowledge about the nature of hookah (narghile, shisha) ETS and, in the light of the controversy over the actual health effects of cigarette ETS, concludes that the former should not be hyperbolised in an unscientific way as, unfortunately, a WHO report suggests.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Translational Behavioral Medicine
سال: 2019
ISSN: 1869-6716,1613-9860
DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz155